This study examined the direct and indirect associations between maternal parenting styles and multidimensional self-concept among Libyan Arab mothers ranging in age from 18 to 52 years (M = 31.47, SD = 8.26), reflecting associations between parenting practices and psychosocial functioning within Arab family contexts. Parenting practices were assessed using the Arabic adaptation of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), and self-concept was measured using the Arabic version of the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (MSCS). Findings indicated that authoritative parenting was positively associated with all self-concept domains, whereas authoritarian parenting was negatively associated with self-concept outcomes. Permissive parenting demonstrated weaker but generally positive associations with several self-concept dimensions. The path-analytic model supported theoretically meaningful direct and indirect associations between maternal parenting styles and multidimensional self-concept domains. Academic, social, and emotional self-concept emerged as important pathways linking parenting practices with broader competence and family-related self-concept outcomes. Specifically, authoritative parenting was associated with positive direct effects on competence and academic self-concept, as well as indirect effects on competence through academic self-concept and on family self-concept through social self-concept. In contrast, authoritarian parenting predicted negative direct effects on affective and competence-related self-concept, alongside indirect effects through affective and social self-concept domains. Permissive parenting showed weaker direct effects on social and competence self-concept, with modest indirect effects through academic and social self-concept. These findings support hierarchical models of self-concept associations and highlight culturally specific pathways linking parenting practices to psychosocial functioning in Arab family contexts. The study provides novel empirical evidence from an underrepresented population and underscores the relevance of parenting practices for family-focused policies, parenting education, and preventive interventions aimed at promoting healthy psychosocial functioning in collectivistic societies.

This study examined the psychometric properties and structural validity of a foreign language Classroom anxiety scale in an Arabic-speaking sample (N = 327; Mage = 25.87 years, SD = 7.15) drawn from universities in Libya and Saudi Arabia. Foreign language anxiety was assessed using the Arabic Foreign Language Anxiety Questionnaire (AFLAQ), alongside measures of psychological distress (DASS-8) and resilience (BRS). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure comprising Communication Apprehension, Fear of Negative Evaluation, and Test Anxiety, with acceptable model fit. Measurement invariance across gender was established, indicating that the scale operates equivalently for males and females. Rasch analysis further supported the scale’s reliability and item functioning. Structural equation modeling revealed that psychological distress was significantly associated with all dimensions of foreign language anxiety, whereas resilience showed no direct associations. However, resilience was indirectly associated with Communication Apprehension, Fear of Negative Evaluation, and Test Anxiety through psychological distress. In addition, resilience was negatively associated with psychological distress. Gender differences were observed, with females reporting higher communication apprehension and psychological distress, while males showed higher resilience. Overall, the findings support a multidimensional conceptualization of foreign language anxiety and highlight the central role of psychological distress, suggesting that resilience may be associated with foreign language anxiety indirectly through reductions in psychological distress. The study provides psychometric evidence for the AFLAQ and underscores the importance of integrating broader psychological factors in understanding foreign language anxiety in Arabic-speaking contexts.

Self-compassion is increasingly recognized as a core psychological resource within contemporary happiness and well-being research, particularly from a psychological perspective emphasizing optimal functioning, resilience, and personal growth. Using a cross-sectional design, this study examines the associations between self-compassion and indicators of psychological well-being (flourishing, hope, resilience, life satisfaction) as well as psychological distress and test an indirect effect model in which resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and positive well-being outcomes. A total of 318 Saudi Arab adults completed measures of self-compassion, flourishing, hope, resilience, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. Results supported the theorized six-factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form and showed that self-compassion was positively associated with flourishing, hope, resilience, and life satisfaction, and negatively associated with psychological distress. Structural equation modeling indicated that resilience exerted a significant indirect effect in the relationships between self-compassion and flourishing, life satisfaction, and hope. These findings are consistent with theoretical perspectives in positive psychology and self-compassion theory, suggesting that resilience functions as a key psychological mechanism linking self-compassion to well-being. From a practical perspective, the results highlight the potential value of interventions aimed at enhancing self-compassion and resilience to promote psychological well-being in Arab populations, particularly in clinical and educational settings.

The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) has not been validated in Arabic. The present study aimed to validate the Arabic ASQ Short Form (A-ASQ-SF) and investigate its associations with family functioning and religiosity. A total of 1173 Libyan participants completed a survey composed of ASQ, Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-IV) and the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS). The sample was randomly split into two sub-samples. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the first sub-sample (n = 577) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the second sub-sample (n = 596) were performed. Twenty items were selected (EFA), and the CFA showed a good fit for the five-factor structure. The results showed a high convergent validity with the ECR, and significant correlations with the FACES-IV and MRS. The A-ASQ-SF is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the attachment dimensions in Arab populations. Cultural aspects have been discussed.

Gratitude is a multidimensional construct linked to flourishing, life satisfaction, hope, empathy, and self-compassion. However, validated Arabic instruments remain scarce.This study aimed to test psychometric proprieties of the Arabic version of the Gratitude Scale (GQ-6) and examined its associations with flourishing, life satisfaction, hope, empathic concern, and self-compassion in a mixed clinical and non-clinical Saudi sample A mixed clinical and non-clinical sample of 299 Saudi adults (79.9% female; mean age = 25.13, SD = 4.24) completed the Arabic GQ-6 along with validated Arabic measures of flourishing, life satisfaction, hope, empathic concern, and self‑compassion. Psychometric evaluation included confirmatory factor analyses, reliability testing, Rasch analysis, and multi-group CFA for gender invariance. Correlational and mediation analyses were conducted to assess construct validity and psychological associations. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional five-item structure after removing one weak reverse-worded item, demonstrating excellent model fit, χ²(5) = 10.69, p = .058, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.75; ω = 0.76). Rasch analysis indicated acceptable item fit (infit/outfit = 0.96–1.09) and moderate person reliability (0.44). Multi-group CFA confirmed configural and metric invariance across gender, with all standardized loadings significant (p < .001) and adequate convergent validity (AVE = 0.51–0.53), indicating that gratitude is measured equivalently among males and females. Gratitude correlated positively with flourishing (r = .36), life satisfaction (r = .39), hope (r = .24), empathic concern (r = .29), and self-compassion (r = .32). Mediation analyses revealed that flourishing mediated the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, whereas self-compassion and empathic concern were nonsignificant mediators. The Arabic Gratitude Scale demonstrates strong reliability, factorial validity, and measurement invariance across gender. Findings highlight flourishing as a key psychological mechanism linking gratitude to life satisfaction in Arab cultural contexts, supporting the scale’s utility in both research and applied settings.

This study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and examines its associations with psychological distress, satisfaction with life, resilience, and religiosity among individuals affected by the Libyan wars. The sample consisted of 457 participants, with 77.02% female (n = 352) and 22.98% male (n = 105), ranging in age from 18 to 75 years (M_age = 28.82, SD = 11.41). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that the one-factor model exhibited excellent fit, with indices: CFI = .997, TLI = .997, RMSEA = .029 (90% CI = [.015, .040]), SRMR = .050. Reliability analysis indicated high internal consistency (ω = .94, α = .94). ISLES scores were negatively correlated with satisfaction with life (r = − .27) and resilience (r = − .39), while correlations with religiosity were non-significant (r = − .09, p = .060). Positive correlations were observed with psychological distress, including anxiety (r = .39), depression (r = .46), and stress (r = .32). Exploratory indirect association analyses showed that ISLES scores were statistically associated with psychological distress through resilience and life satisfaction, whereas no significant indirect association was observed for religiosity. These findings support the one-factor structure of ISLES and highlight context-specific patterns of association in populations exposed to chronic and ongoing trauma.

Religious self‑conscious emotions, especially guilt and shame, shape psychological well-being, yet their specific roles in distress and resilience remain underexplored in Arab Muslim contexts. This study examines the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, religious guilt and shame, resilience, and psychological distress among Libyan Arabs using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), network analysis, and mediation modeling. Participants were 215 Libyan adults (72.1% female, aged 18–54) recruited via social media. Measures included the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–8 (DASS-8), and items assessing religious guilt and shame. CFA supported a two-factor structure distinguishing guilt and shame (CFI = .95, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Correlation analyses revealed that both religious guilt (r = .31) and religious shame (r = .34) were strongly associated with intrinsic religiosity. Extrinsic religiosity correlated positively with resilience total score (r = .16) and negatively with depression (r = −.25) and stress (r = −.13). Intrinsic religiosity was higher among males (r = .19). Network analysis identified religious guilt as more central than shame, with “I feel guilty if I miss prayers” a key node. Mediation analysis indicated that depression mediated the association between resilience and religiosity dimensions, with nonsignificant direct effects. Network analysis suggested resilience played a limited bridging role between religiosity and distress. Findings highlight religious guilt’s stronger influence on distress compared to shame and suggest that psychological distress shapes religious engagement more than resilience does. Culturally sensitive interventions should address the mental health impact of religious guilt, and future research should explore protective factors in Arab Muslim populations.

This study examined the indirect effect of student engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) in the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing among university students. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 618 students (Mage = 24.3, SD = 4.97) across various academic disciplines. Student engagement was measured using the Arabic version of the University Student Engagement Inventory (A-USEI). Mindfulness was assessed using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale – Arabic Version (MAAS), and flourishing was evaluated using the Arabic version of the Flourishing Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that mindfulness significantly predicted behavioral engagement (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), emotional engagement (β = 0.19, p < 0.001), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). In turn, emotional engagement (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), behavioral engagement (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), and cognitive engagement (β = .63, p < 0.001) significantly predicted flourishing. The direct effect of mindfulness on flourishing was non-significant (β = –0.002, p = 0.94). However, significant indirect effects emerged through emotional (β = 0.08), behavioral (β = 0.05), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.06), confirming engagement as a key mediating mechanism. These findings highlight the importance of fostering student engagement to translate mindfulness into enhanced well-being. The study contributes to mindfulness research by validating this mediational model within an Arab higher education context.

Responsibility plays a significant role in fostering mental health and wellbeing, encompassing personal accountability and societal contributions. This study aimed to validate the Responsibility Scale (RS), a psychometric tool designed to measure personal and social responsibility, using rigorous statistical methods. Participants included 256 adults (80.86% female) from diverse educational backgrounds, recruited through a convenience sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, comprising personal and social dimensions, with acceptable model fit indices (CFI = .96, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .080). Both factors demonstrated strong loadings (≥ 0.50) and robust internal reliability (personal responsibility subscale α = .92; social responsibility subscale α = .94). Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of personal responsibility with life satisfaction, resilience, religious coping, self-esteem, and grit, whereas social responsibility showed weaker but significant associations with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and grit. Discriminant validity was evidenced by negative correlations of personal responsibility with psychological distress, whereas the association between social responsibility and distress was non-significant. Measurement invariance testing confirmed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. Analyses further indicated that psychological distress carried an indirect effect of responsibility on wellbeing. Personal and social responsibility were positively associated with life satisfaction (β = .57) and negatively associated with psychological distress (β = − .47), suggesting that part of the effect of responsibility on wellbeing operates through reduced psychological distress. These findings position the RS as a reliable and valid tool for assessing responsibility across cultural contexts, with particular relevance to Libyan Arab populations. The study underscores the importance of responsibility for flourishing and offers new insights for both research and interventions.

The Texas Revise inventory of Grief (TRIG II) was developed to assess Grief intensity following the loss of a close person, encompassing present feelings. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of TRIG II in young adult bereaved Libyans. 1049 Participants with an average age of 28.25 (standard deviation = 9.08), of whom (78.8%) were females, completed the translated TRIG, The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the short version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Muslim religiosity scale. Results from confirmatory factor analysis confirm a three-factor model for the TRIG II, assessing emotional response, non-acceptance, and Thoughts related to normal Grief. This scale exhibited high internal consistency and reliability with emotional Response (α = 0.85), non-acceptance (α = 0.82), thoughts (α = 0.83). Furthermore, the three factors negatively correlated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, indicating their construct validity. The study also found that intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity showed an indirect association between grief symptom, posttraumatic growth and psychological distress, discussing the potential for positive psychological changes following bereavement. Network analysis provides insights into grief responses across different types of loss, revealing cultural influences on grieving patterns. Sex differences in grief manifestations are also explored, suggesting variation between Libyan Arabs and western cultures. In addition to the contribution of scale validation, clinicians should consider cultural sensitivity in grief responses to effectively adopt interventions related to coping skills, acceptance, adjustment to loss and support needs.

Background

Grief, a universally experienced response to death of a loved one, carries distinct emotional and behavioral dimensions. This study examines the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Arabic adaptation of the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), along with mediation pathways between emotional distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) and grief dimensions, moderated by resilience, life satisfaction, and religiosity.

Method

Data were collected from a sample of 423 Arabic-speaking adults residing in Libya and affected by the Libyan wars, ranging in age from 18 to 52 years (M = 29.93, SD = 6.73)

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, cognitive/emotional symptoms. Convergent validity showed significant positive correlations between ICG scores and measures of psychological distress (anxiety, r = .24; depression, r = .22). Discriminant validity was confirmed through negligible associations with resilience (r = -.25) and satisfaction with life (r = -.12). Mediation analyses identified resilience as a significant mediator in pathways from distress to grief symptoms (anxiety to cognitive/emotional symptoms via resilience, estimate = .13, p = .023). Satisfaction with life and religiosity displayed limited indirect effects, underscoring the dominant role of resilience.

Conclusion

These findings reinforce the suitability of the Arabic ICG as a reliable tool for assessing grief in Arabic-speaking populations, while highlighting the protective role of resilience in grief management. Implications extend to culturally sensitive interventions and resilience-building therapeutic approaches.

Shame and guilt are critical self-conscious emotions that influence psychological well-being. The Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2) is a widely used to assess these emotions, yet its psychometric properties within Arab populations remain underexplored. Additionally, psychological distress may mediate the relationships between resilience, religiosity, and emotional outcomes. This study examined the psychometric properties of the PFQ-2 among Libyan and Emirati Arab populations to assess shame and guilt. A total of 281 participants from Libya and the UAE completed self-report measures of shame and guilt (PFQ-2), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), religiosity (Muslim Religiosity Scale), and psychological distress (DASS-8). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure (χ2 (76) = 101, p = 0.028, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.059), with the exclusion of two low-performing items “Disgusting to others” and “Laughable” improving model fit. Internal consistency was satisfactory for both shame (α = 0.80, ω = 0.80) and guilt (α = 0.84, ω = 0.85). Structural equation modeling indicated that psychological distress significantly mediated the negative associations between resilience and shame (β = −0.09, p = 0.004), and between extrinsic religiosity and shame (β = −0.06, p = 0.016). Gender and cultural differences emerged, with females reporting higher guilt than males (Mean Difference = 1.84, p = 0.041), and Libyan participants exhibiting higher levels of guilt (Mean Difference = 2.18, p = 0.016) and shame (Mean Difference = 2.76, p = 0.012) compared to Emirati participants. Post-hoc analysis revealed that Libyan females reported significantly higher guilt than UAE males (Mean Difference = 4.03, p = 0.039), whereas gender differences in shame were nonsignificant (F (1,28) = 0.008, p = 0.93). The findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive assessments and highlight psychological distress as a key factor in understanding resilience and religiosity in emotional well-being.

This study investigates the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) while examining the role of personality traits (e.g. conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness). It utilizes text mining (TM) techniques to analyze participants’ narratives for semantic insights into their psychological states. A sample of 144 adults, with an average age of 23.92 years; 65% of the participants were women, shared narratives of their most painful traumatic experiences and completed psychometric assessments, including the Arabic versions of the Big Five Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Regression analysis revealed a low but statistically significant association between PTG and PTSS. Significant associations were also found between PTG and the personality traits of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Subscale analyses indicated that Conscientiousness is significantly associated with both Personal Strength and New Possibilities. Correlational analyses revealed moderate to strong correlations between PTGI and personality traits (e.g., Agreeableness; Conscientiousness), as well as between PTGI subscales and PTSS dimensions. Gender differences were also observed, with women showing higher correlations with numbing PTSS symptoms and Agreeableness. Text mining enriched analysis by identifying thematic patterns in trauma narratives, with interpersonal losses and psychological distress emerging prominently. The findings emphasize conscientiousness’s therapeutic relevance in fostering PTG and advocate for the integration of TM with psychometric tools to deepen insights into trauma and growth dynamics. Future research should diversify samples and explore qualitative analyses to capture nuanced cultural expressions in narratives.

Background

Cancer imposes significant physical, psychological, and social challenges. Psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and somatization, is common among cancer patients, while post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) often coexist. Resilience and social support are critical in mitigating distress and fostering PTG, yet these dynamics in Arab populations, particularly Libyan cancer patients, remain underexplored.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the relationships between resilience, social support, psychological distress, and trauma-related outcomes (PTSS and PTG) in Libyan cancer patients, examining the mediating role of social support.

Method

Fifty-three cancer patients (mean age 62.3 years, 66% women) from hospitals in Tripoli participated. Participants completed validated Arabic versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form, Brief Resilience Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse direct and mediated relationships among variables.

Results

PTSS did not correlate significantly with PTG (rs = .02). Social support positively predicted resilience (b = .44, p < .001) and PTG (b = .70, p = .004) and negatively associated with psychological distress, including somatization (b = − .53, p = .003) and anxiety (b = − .42, p < .001). SEM revealed that social support significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and PTG (estimate = .31, p = .027) and between resilience and PTSS (estimate = .58, p = .010).

Conclusion

Social support and resilience appear to play pivotal roles in mitigating psychological distress and fostering PTG among Libyan cancer patients. Cultural factors such as family and communal bonds may enhance these effects. Interventions aimed at bolstering social support and resilience are essential for improving psychological outcomes in this population.

Research has developed the Big-Five Aspect Scale (BFAS), supporting a five-domain model that includes 10 related aspects. In Arabic societies, there is currently a lack of validation evidence for a scale with these 10 aspects. Thus, this study develops and examines the psychometric properties of the short version of the BFAS (BFAS-SV) within Libyan Arab adults. The sample (N = 1136; 74.6% women, Mage = 25.30, SDage = 8.44) completed the original BFAS and the Arabic version of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) to assess the BFAS-SV’s convergent validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied. The findings provide strong support for the presence of 10 distinct aspects within the Big Five personality domains. Additionally, a robust positive and negative correlation was found among the 10 BFAS-SV aspects, as well as between the BFAS-SV domains of Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Introversion, and Openness/Intellect and their corresponding dimensions in the IPIP, further confirming its concurrent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the five domains and their respective 10 aspects ranged from 0.61 to 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Significant gender differences were observed in the Neuroticism domain, particularly in its two aspects (Volatility and Withdrawal), as well as in the Openness/Intellect domain and the Politeness aspect, with women scoring higher in all cases.

In conclusion, this study establishes the reliability, validity, and applicability of the Arabic BFAS among the Libyan Arab population. The insights gained into the personality traits and behaviors of Libyan Arab individuals provide valuable implications for personal development and professional success.

This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) using factor analyses, as well as relationships with well-established factors of personality – including the mediating role of personality traits between Fight-Flight- Freeze system (FFFS), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and Behavioral Approach System (BAS) subscales. The study recruited 1,813 Libyan participants across three subsamples, ranging in age from 18 to 66, through convenience and snowball sampling methods via online platforms. In three different subsamples, findings revealed a robust RST-PQ six-factor structure, distinguishing FFFS and BIS, alongside four distinct BAS subscales. Discriminant validity was assessed, indicting Moderate/strong correlations between BIS and Negative Emotionality, and BAS subscales and Extraversion. Moreover, associations with psychological symptoms highlighted BIS’s correlation with anxiety, depression, and stress, and correlations between BAS subscales and personality traits supported their construct validity. Fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were χ² = 30,944, df = 1,378, χ²/df = 22.01, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.04, indicating an acceptable model fit. Gender differences showed females scoring higher in FFFS, BIS, Reward Reactivity, Impulsivity, and Panic responses. Furthermore, structural equation model revealed that personality traits mediated associations between FFFS and BIS, with BAS subscales showing differential predictive patterns. Additionally, separate scales of Defensive Fight and Panic were validated. This research provides the first validation of the RST-PQ in Arabic and highlights the mediating role of personality traits between FFFS, BIS and BAS subscales. Future studies should focus on cultural comparisons and further investigate the predictive validity of RST-PQ scales across different domains (e.g., clinical and occupational).

The aim of the study was to investigate the mediating roles of resilience, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and religiosity between the impact of hurricane trauma and psychological distress. Using a cross-sectional design, the study involved 101 Libyan participants with an average age of 30.43 years (SD = 9.59), of whom 72% were women. Participants completed validated tests, including the Impact of Event Scale (IES), Brief Resilience Scale, Muslim Religiosity Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were not associated with PTG (r = 0.04, p > 0.05) or religiosity (r = 0.02, p > 0.05) but were negatively associated with resilience (r = −0.39, p < 0.001) and positively associated with psychological distress including anxiety (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that only resilience positively mediated the association between PTSS and anxiety (indirect effect = 0.04, p = 0.031), while PTSS positively predicted psychological distress (β = 0.037, p < 0.001). Network analysis identified parent loss is strongly connected with intrusion (r = 0.121), as most central node, while partner loss was associated with hyperarousal (r = 0.063), irritability (r = 0.036) and both share the same connection with numbing, while interestingly partner and friends loss share connection with resilience (r = 0.177). The study concludes that urgent clinical interventions, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, are required for the affected individuals, with a focus on enhancing resilience as a protective factor against PTSS.

Anxiety, especially within the realm of eco-anxiety, has become an increasingly significant focus of research. In our exploration of eco-anxiety within the Arab Libyan population, we employed a cross-sectional approach and successfully validated the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13). Across two separate subsamples, both Exploratory (n = 790) [M = 21.64 (SD = 3.51), % women = 86.8] and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (n = 829) [M = 22.24 (SD = 3.76), % women = 84.6] confirmed the validity of HEAS-13. This scale effectively captured four distinct dimensions of eco-anxiety: affective symptoms, rumination, behavioral symptoms, and anxiety regarding one’s negative impact on the planet. Moreover, the total HEAS-13 and its dimensions had good internal consistency coefficients, ranging from 0.65 to 0.82. The findings highlight significant correlations between eco-anxiety subscales, behavioral symptoms, and rumination, indicating distinct profiles of eco-anxiety. Additionally structural equation modelling analysis revealed that eco-anxiety dimensions serve as a significant predictor of various psychological symptoms, climate change perception and climate value, emphasizing the interconnectedness between eco-anxiety and psychological distress. Furthermore, Sex-specific differences in eco-anxiety and its associations with climate change perceptions are explored, suggesting heightened awareness and involvement among females. The results emphasize eco-anxiety as a quantifiable psychological phenomenon, demonstrably measured through our 13-item eco-anxiety scale and associated with the mental health outcomes.

Background

The purpose of this research was to test psychometric proprieties of Macdonald & MacIntyre's Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS) between Arab workers.

Method

The study involved 171 participants (average age = 39.2 years; standard deviation = 9.76) from Libyan Territory, with 45 % being male. Using a cross-sectional design, the study employed the translated GJSS Questionnaire, the Conditions for Workplace Effectiveness Questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-items (DASS-8).

Results

Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a one-dimensional structure with a satisfactory fit. The scale showed positive correlations, indicating adequate convergent validity with CWEQ-II dimensions such as Opportunity, Support, Resources, Formal Power (Job activity), and Structural Empowerment, as well as negative correlations suggestive of discriminant validity with the DASS-8 dimensions. Reliability indices, α = 0.87 and ω = 0.88, suggest satisfactory internal consistency and composite reliability of the instrument. Notably, women exhibited higher scores in the Job Satisfaction scale, Opportunity, Support, Formal Power (Job activity scale), and Structural Empowerment dimensions of the Workplace Effectiveness scale.

This cross-sectional study aims to examine the depressive symptoms and stress among older adults. A convenience sample (n = 547) of older adults aged 60+ years was recruited from various regions in Libya. The WHO-5 and PSS-10 were used to assess depression and stress levels. The level of depressive symptoms and stress were 68 % and 71.5 %, respectively, with males reported more depression and stress than females (p ˂ 0.05). A combination of stress and family status significantly associated with levels of depression among the participants. This study provides important insights into the psychological health status of older adults in Libya. The high levels of depression and stress, as well as the identified correlates, shed light on the factors influencing mental well-being in this vulnerable population. These findings can serve as a foundation for the development of targeted interventions aimed at promoting the mental health of older adults in Libya.

Background: Civil wars in Libya have impacted the mental health of the general population. The ways in which individuals cope with traumatic events are influenced by several psychological variables.

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate how post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to evaluate the role of avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions as mediators in these associations, among Libyan citizens.

Method: Three-hundred participants (147 females; age 31.0 ± 8.4 years) completed the Impact of Event Scale – Revised, Experiences in Close Relationships, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory – Short Form.

Results: The structural equation model revealed that insecure attachment dimensions mediated the association between PTSS and psychological symptoms and PTG. PTSS were positively associated with psychological symptoms, PTG, and both insecure attachment dimensions. Insecure attachment dimensions were positively associated with psychological symptoms and negatively with PTG.

Conclusion: The present findings contribute to growing empirical research on the roles of insecure attachment dimensions in the association between the impact of war, psychological symptoms, and PTG.

The pandemic had a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the world population. In this context, higher levels of negative and positive symptoms related to psychosis have been observed. The present study aimed to verify, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the evolution of negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia during the pandemic period. 

The present work adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, and the GRADE and New Castle Ottawa bias scales were applied. Longitudinal studies from 2020-2021 that assessed negative and/or positive symptoms in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia before and during the pandemic period were searched on PubMed, PsycInfo and PsycArticles. The main results showed significant differences between the pre and the pandemic period regarding negative symptoms [95% CI -0.47 (-0.70, -0.24); Z = 4.01 (p < 0.0001)]. In conclusion, the work showed a worsening of negative symptoms during the pandemic in persons with schizophrenia. The results suggested the importance, in the post-pandemic period, of planning psychosocial interventions for these individuals.

Individuals with different personality traits, temperaments, and psychological symptoms have different attitudes toward the pandemic experiences and restrictive measures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between the psychological factors and the attitudes toward COVID-19, experienced during the third pandemic wave in Italy, in a sample of individuals with psychiatric disorders. Between March and September 2021, 53 patients with mood disorders and other mental disorders completed a survey composed of self-report questionnaires that assessed sleep quality, depressive and hypomanic symptoms, and temperament and personality traits. Positive and negative attitudes toward the pandemic experience were assessed using an ad hoc questionnaire. The results showed that individuals with more severe depressive symptoms were less prone to adhere to government guidelines, and were more convinced that the pandemic was not a real problem. Reduced sleep quality was associated with increased skepticism toward official explanations concerning the causes of COVID-19. Lastly, negative affect and cyclothymic temperament predicted the disposition toward COVID-19 vaccines. In conclusion, these findings highlighted that some psychological aspects and psychiatric symptoms could influence the beliefs about COVID-19 and compliance with government recommendations. Further research is needed to provide indications on how to improve the current healthcare policies.